This research will combine neuroimaging technology and more sophisticated measures of treatment outcome to directly study how a social-communication intervention affects the brain. This study will identify markers of brain activity that will predict how different people respond to treatment to ensure that everyone with ASD has the best opportunity for a favorable outcome. The proposed study will attempt to show the importance of neuroimaging as a biomarker of treatment efficacy and a predictor of treatment outcome. The findings would not only potentially have direct clinical implications, but also impact the field of ASD research by highlighting new clinically relevant uses of neuroimaging methods.